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OJVRTM
Online Journal of
Veterinary Research©
(Including Medical and Laboratory Research)
Established 1994
ISSN 1328-925X
Volume
30
(3): 176-186, 2026.
Histopathological cellular, molecular, and tissue biomarkers of disease
Mustafa A.K. ALTaie
Department of Biology, College of
Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
ABSTRACT
Mustafa A.K. ALTaie, Histopathological
cellular, molecular, and tissue biomarkers of disease, Onl
J Vet Res., 30 (3): 176-186, 2026. Histopathology is no longer a morphology-based diagnosis but has
become morpho-protein-molecular diagnostics for
tissues and requires evaluation of ontophylogenesis
in architectural patterns, protein expression levels and molecular alterations
during pathological conditions. Histopathological changes are the result of
accumulated interactions between genes, epigenetics,
metabolism and microenvironment during disease. These changes which include
nuclear atypia and abnormal mitotic activity, as well as remodeling of stroma
and infiltration by immune cells are powerful markers of biological
aggressiveness and clinical course. We report updated overview of the role of
histopathological features as biomarkers in: (i)
neoplastic, (ii) inflammatory and (iii) degenerative entities, focusing on
cellular, tissue and immunohistochemical point levels
with a few insights into the molecular dimension.
Key Words: Histopathology,
Cellular, Molecular, Tissue.
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