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OJVRTM
Online Journal of
Veterinary Research©
Volume 17 (1): 13-27,
2013. Slightly Redacted 2017.
Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance profile
of gram + bacterial flora of healthy experimental dogs undergoing gastrectomy
Akinrinmade JF DVM MVSc1, Melekwe G DVM MVSc1, Ogunshe AAO BSc MSc PhD2.
1Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Veterinary
Surgery & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ,2Applied
Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of
Science University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Akinrinmade JF, Melekwe G, Ogunshe AAO., Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance
profile of gram + bacterial flora of healthy experimental dogs undergoing
gastrectomy, Online J Vet Res., 17 (1): 13-27, 2013. Antibiotic profiles of Gram-positive rectal
bacterial flora of canine origin were investigated. Using disk-diffusion and
modified agar well-diffusion, Bacillus,
Clostridium, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
species were isolated from rectal contents of healthy local dogs that had had partial
gastrectomy. The isolates were mostly resistant to cotrimoxazole
(42.9-80.0%), tetracycline (57.1-80.0%), erythromycin (85.7-100%) and chloramphenicol
(63.2-71.4%) antibiotic discs. Relatively lower resistance rates were recorded
against gentamicin (20.0-57.1%) and streptomycin (40.0-66.7%) discs. All bacterial
strains were resistant to cloxacillin and augmentin discs, except 94.7% Streptococcus strains against augmentin.
Twenty seven different antibiotic resistance profiles (37.5-100%), including just
one mono-resistant (Streptococcus
sp.) profile was recorded but commonest multi-resistant profiles were
COT-TET-AUG-ERY-CXC-CHL, COT-TET-AUG-GEN-ERY-CXC-CHL,
COT-TET-STR-AUG-ERY-CXC-CHL and COT-TET-STR-AUG-GEN-ERY-CXC-CHL. Recorded
antibiotic patterns towards four antibiotic drugs indicated slightly lower
overall antibiotic resistance rates of 28.6-80.0%, with 16.4% of the bacterial
strains totally resistant, while only 19.7% were totally susceptible. Ten
different antibiotic profiles were exhibited by the Gram-positive bacteria
against the four antibiotic drugs; the commonest antibiotic resistant profiles
being OXYT (8.2%), AMXT (8.2%), ORT-NTX (9.8%), AMX-OXYT (13.1%),
AMXT-ORT-NTX-OXYT (16.4%) and AMXT-ORT-NTX (18.0%), while total percentage multi-resistance was 63.9%. This first
Nigerian report on antibiotic profiles of canine bacterial flora in partial
gastrectomy indicated significant phenotypic
antibiotic resistance, which is of veterinary and public health importance that can be used in developing
guidelines for clinical antibacterial therapy in veterinary conditions.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance, canine bacterial flora,
dogs, veterinary health policy, prolonged antibiotic administration, veterinary
surgery.
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