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OJVRTM
Online
Journal of Veterinary Research©
Volume 7:78-90, 2003. Redacted 2018.
Innate immunoprofiling
of commercial broiler chicken lines.
Crippen TL1*, Pevzner
IY2, Lowry VK3, Farnell MB4, Kogut MH*
1*Agricultural
Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States
Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845; 2Cobb-Vantress,
Inc, Route 1 Box 1572, Pineville, MO 64856; 3Department
of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health and 4Department of
Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 778843. To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Tawni Crippen Agricultural Research Service, Southern
Plains Agricultural Research Center US Department of Agriculture 2881 F & B
Rd, College Station, TX 77845 Phone: 979) 260-3773 FAX: 979) 260-9332 crippen@ffsru.tamu.edu
Crippen TL, Pevzner IY,
Lowry VK, Farnell MB, Kogut MH., Innate immunoprofiling of commercial broiler chicken lines, Onl J Vet Res, 7 : 78-90, 2003.
The innate immune system is a critical component directing the overall response
of the immune system early in the inflammatory process. Evaluation of the
innate immune system could offer a screening method for the selection of
breeding stock from commercial chicken operations to improve flock health and
prevent the loss of genes crucial to disease resistance. Three commercial
broiler chicken lines (designated Lines A, B and C) were profiled for
efficiency of their innate immunologic response. Oxidative burst and
bactericidal functions of heterophils and monocytes,
as well as heterophil degranulation, were analysed. The birds were tested 1, 4, 8 and 15 days
post-hatch. Individual lines differed in their ability to perform innate
immunological responses during the first 15 days post-hatch. Although
bactericidal capabilities were similar, oxidative burst responses by monocytes
were low in comparison to that generated by heterophils.
The fact that monocytes are not particularly adept at producing an oxidative
burst at this age suggests that this is not a major avenue of innate defense by
monocytes. Heterophil oxidative burst response
was stronger in Line C than Line A during the first four days post-hatch.
Line B showed no difference from Line C in heterophil
oxidative burst response at 1 d, but produced a stronger response than Line C
on 4 and 8 d post-hatch. Degranulation by heterophils
showed significant differences in responses of Lines A and C depending on the
day post-hatch, and stronger response in Line C vs
Line B in the first four days post hatch. The first week post-hatch is an
important time as chicks are particularly susceptible to infection as
neonates. Mortality data of the commercial lines indicates that Line A is
the most susceptible to demise, followed by Line C and then Line B. These
results suggest that oxidative burst production efficiency is an important
defensive function to monitor for immunoprofiling.
KEYWORDS: innate, immunoprofiling, immunocompetence,
chicken, selective breeding