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OJVRTM
Online
Journal of Veterinary Research©
Volume 23 (1):40-49,
2019.
Clinical and physiological effects of ketamine with xylazine or diazepam on pigeons (Columba livia domestica).
Soroush Sabiza,
Hadi Naddaf.
Department
of clinical sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Shahid
Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
ABSTRACT
Sabiza
S, Naddaf H., Clinical
and physiological effects of ketamine with xylazine or
diazepam on pigeons (Columba livia domestica), Onl J Vet Res.,
23(1):40-49, 2019.
Authors report effects of 30mg/kg Ketamine with 8mg/kg Xylazine
IM (KX) or 60mg/kg Ketamine with 2mg/kg Diazepam (KD) on clinical,
cardiorespiratory and electro-radiographic parameters in two groups of 10
pigeons each. Parameters were measured before and 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after
induction of anaesthesia. We found no significant difference in onset, duration
and recovery of anaesthesia and muscle relaxation between treatments. KX
produced anaesthesia for 70 and KD for 55 minutes (P > 0.05). Opisthotonos was less frequent in pigeons given KX (median
0.5(0-2)) compared with KD (median 2(1-2)) (p=0.003). Pedal reflex score
was lower in those given KX at 10-60min (p=0.01) after induction but there
were no significant differences in muscle relaxation or palpebral reflex. Heart
rate decreased after induction in both groups (p<0.05) but was 24-54%
lower in those given KX. SpO2 was lower in pigeons given KX 5, 15
and 30 min after induction (p<0.05). Respiratory rates (RR) were much
lower after 30min in those given KX (41-62%) compared with KD (p<0.05).
Etco2 increased after induction in both groups in a similar fashion.
Cloacal temperature decreased in both treatments (p<0.05) but was lower
in those given KX at 45 and 90 minutes after induction (-7.5 to -11%). The only
beneficial effect of the KX was analgesia. In pigeons given KX, P and T
amplitudes were lower and QRS duration longer than normal ranges. Ketamine given
with Xylazine or Diazepam are comparable despite different
analgesia and heart rate. However our results suggest that pigeons are at less
anaesthetic risk using Ketamine and Diazepam (60 and 2 mg/kg, respectively)
than Ketamine and Xylazine (30 and 8 mg/kg,
respectively)
Keywords: Electrocardiogram, cardiorespiratory, anaesthesia, pigeon, Raw data
provided.
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