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Online Journal of Veterinary Research ©
Volume
1:7-24, 1997. Redacted 2018..
Experimental
yellow-wood (Terminalia oblongata) intoxication in sheep.
Filippich LJa , Cao GRb, Alsalami MTc, English PBad
aSchool of Veterinary Science, The University of
Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia, b The Northwestern
Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples
Republic of China,c Royal North
Shore Hospital, Department of Anatomical Pathology, St. Leonards, New South
Wales 2065, Australia, d Deceased
Address for correspondence: Ass. Professor L.J Filippich,
School of Veterinary Science, The University of
Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia. Email: L.filippich@uq.edu.au
ABSTRACT
Filippich L.J, Cao GR,
Alsalami MT, English PB., Experimental yellow-wood
(Terminalia oblongata) intoxication in sheep. Onl J Vet Res., 1:7-24, 1997. The purpose
of this study was to describe and investigate the pathophysiology of chronic
Terminalia oblongata (yellow-wood) intoxication in sheep. Yellow-wood leaf was
air-dried, hammer milled and administered orally, as a drench, or intraruminally to sheep at various dose rates over several
weeks. Chronic administration of yellow-wood leaf lead to
reduced ruminal movements, inappetence or anorexia,
body weight loss and reduced water intake and urine output. Anormocytic, normochronic anaemia
occurred in all sheep and blood gas and acid-base balance moved towards a
metabolic acidosis as the study progressed. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase
activity fluctuated while plasma alkaline phosphatase activity remained normal,
except in one sheep which developed clinical jaundice. Plasma total protein
levels remained normal or rose while plasma sodium concentration remained
normal. Plasma potassium levels remained normal but decreased in one sheep to
2.8 mmol/l. Plasma urea and creatinine levels
remained normal throughout the study and changes in plasma urea reflected changes in feed and water intake.
Towards the end of the chronic yellow-wood intoxication study, renal mass in
the sheep was reduced to 50% of normal by unilateral renal infarction so that
the effect of chronic yellow-wood intoxication could be assessed in sheep with
reduced renal function. After several more weeks of yellow-wood dosing, some of
the sheep with reduced renal function showed neurological signs similar to
those previously reported to occur in the field. However, none of the sheep
showed a decrease in renal concentrating ability that could be attributed to
chronic intoxication although one sheep went into acute renal failure. Evidence
is presented to show that some sheep, not previously exposed to yellow-wood
leaf, may have some degree of natural resistance to yellow-wood intoxication and
that with continued exposure sheep can develop a tolerance to the yellow-wood
toxin.
KEY WORDS: Terminalia, yellow-wood, tannins, sheep, intoxication
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